Australia's population was only 4,948,990 in 1914. In all, 416,809 Australians enlisted (all volunteers as Australia didn't have conscription) during the war and 334,000 served overseas. The AIF (Australian Imperial Forces) sustained approximately 210,000 casualties, of which 61,519 were killed or died of wounds, a casualty rate among the highest of any belligerent for the Great War.