Here is the AI answer:
The Murdoch oscillating steam engine has significantly fewer moving parts than a D-valve steam engine because it eliminates the need for complex external
valve gear.
Murdoch Oscillating Steam Engine
Mechanism: In this design, the cylinder itself is pivoted on a trunnion (pivot point) and oscillates (rocks back and forth) as the piston moves the crank. The oscillation causes ports in the cylinder to align alternately with fixed steam intake and exhaust ports in the engine frame.
Key Moving Parts (single-acting, basic model):
Piston
Cylinder assembly (which moves/oscillates)
Crankshaft
Flywheel (often included for momentum)
Connecting rod (in some designs; "wobbler" type engines can eliminate this too)
Advantage: The critical feature is the elimination of the separate, complex valve mechanism. This simplicity leads to low manufacturing costs and makes it popular for models and simple applications.
D-Valve Steam Engine
Mechanism: The cylinder is fixed. A separate D-shaped sliding valve moves back and forth within a steam chest to control the flow of steam into and out of the fixed cylinder ports.
Key Moving Parts (single-cylinder, basic model):
Piston
Piston rod
Crosshead (guides the piston rod's linear motion)
Connecting rod
Crankshaft
Flywheel
D-slide valve
Valve rod/stem
Eccentric assembly (used to drive the valve)
Advantage: While more complex, D-valve systems offer better control over steam admission and exhaust timing (cutoff), leading to greater efficiency, especially at higher speeds or for reversing applications (which usually involve even more complex valve gear like Stephenson linkage).
In summary, the oscillating engine integrates the valve function into the primary motion of the cylinder, dramatically reducing the total number of dedicated moving components compared to a D-valve engine which requires a separate valve, eccentric, and associated rods and linkages.